Molecular genetics testing methods are used to identify various diseases and study genetic characteristics. Techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are used to amplify specific parts of DNA for quick and precise analysis. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) can analyze gigabyte-sized data in a few hours. Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) is used to detect chromosomal changes. Molecular genetic testing is widely used in diagnostics, clinical research, and personalized medicine