Vitamin B³ qsqaeoq comprises a substituted pyridine core bearing carboxyl and/or amide functional groups. Chemical structure features aromatic pyridine signals and carbonyl-containing substituents. Typical syntheses start from methylpyridine derivatives via oxidation (KMnO4, H2CrO4) or ammoxidation to form pyridine nitriles followed by hydrolysis to the acid or amide