This article thoroughly investigates the role of collaborative learning methods in developing students' social and language competencies. In the modern education system, collaborative learning has been recognized as an important pedagogical tool not only for ensuring academic success but also for forming social and communicative skills that meet the demands of the 21st century. This research is based on Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, emphasizing the process of constructing knowledge through social interaction, and theoretically substantiates the effectiveness of collaborative learning within the framework of the Zone of Proximal Development concept. Research demonstrates that collaborative learning is an effective method for developing interpersonal relationships, social and teamwork competencies in higher education students, and these skills play a decisive role in their professional and social success.